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<font size=4> 統計學 Statistics <br> 元素 Elements <br> 觀察值 Observation <br> 變數 Variable <br> 母體 Population <br> 樣本 Sample <br> 質量資料 Qualitative data <br> 數量資料 Quantitative data <br> <br> 資料分析 Data analysis <br> 統計表 Statistical table <br> 統計圖 Statistical chart <br> 圓餅圖 Pie chart <br> 莖葉圖 Stem-and-leaf display <br> 盒鬚圖 Box plot <br> 直方圖 Histogram <br> 長條圖 Bar Chart <br> 次數多邊圖 Polygon <br> 肩形圖 Ogive <br> 累積頻率分布 Cumulative frequency distribution <br> 累積相對頻率分布 Cumulative relative frequency distribution <br> 累積百分頻率分布 Cumulative percent frequency distribution <br> <br> 敘述統計學 Descriptive statistics <br> 平均數 Mean <br> 中位數 Median <br> 加權平均 Weighted mean <br> 眾數 Mode <br> 變異數 Variance <br> 標準差 Standard deviation <br> 共變異數矩陣 Covariance matrix <br> 四分位 Quartiles <br> 四分位距 Interquartile range (IQR) <br> 百分位 Percentile <br> 百分頻率分布 Percent frequency distribution <br> 柴比雪夫定理 Chebyshev’s theorem <br> 變異係數 Coefficient of variation <br> 相關係數 Correlation coefficient <br> 交叉列表 Crosstabulation <br> 共變異數 Covariance <br> 經驗法則 Empirical rule <br> 探索性資料分析 Exploratory data analysis <br> 頻率分布 Frequency distribution <br> 群組資料 Grouped data <br> 離群值 Outlier <br> Range 全距 <br> Relative frequency distribution 相對頻率分布 <br> 貝氏定理 Bayes’ theorem <br> 二項式實驗 Binomial experiment <br> 機率 Probability <br> 古典機率法 Classical method <br> 樣本空間 Sample space <br> 樣本點 Sample point <br> 事件 Event <br> 期望值 Expectation <br> 實驗 Experiment <br> A的補集 Complement of event A <br> A與B的交集 Interaction of A and B <br> A與B的聯集 Union of events A and B <br> 事後機率 Posterior probabilities <br> 事前機率 Prior probabilities <br> 獨立事件 Independent events <br> 不相交事件 Mutually exclusive events <br> 條件機率 Conditional probability <br> 相對頻率法 Relative frequency method <br> 樹形圖 Tree diagram <br> 變異數（隨機變數） Variance (random variable) <br> 標準差（隨機變數） Standard deviation (random variable) <br> Venn圖表 Venn diagram <br> <br> 推論統計學 Inferential statistics <br> 點估計 Point estimation <br> 區間估計 Interval estimation <br> 信賴區間 Confidence interval <br> 信賴係數 Confidence coefficient <br> 信賴水準 Confidence level <br> 區間估計 Interval estimate <br> 顯著水準 Level of significance (confidence interval) <br> 邊際誤差 Margin of error <br> t分布 t distribution <br> 統計假設檢定 Testing statistical hypothesis <br> 對立假設 Alternative hypothesis <br> 關鍵值 Critical value <br> 虛無假設 Null hypothesis <br> 單邊檢定 One-tailed test <br> 雙邊檢定 Two-tailed test <br> P 值 p-value <br> 型Ⅰ誤差 Type I error <br> 型Ⅱ誤差 Type II error <br> 列聯表 Contingency table <br> 獨立樣本 Independent samples <br> 成對樣本 Matched samples <br> <br> 抽樣調查 Sampling survey <br> 中央極限定理 Central limit theorem <br> 有限母體 Finite population <br> 無窮母體 Infinite population <br> 普查 Census <br> 抽樣 Sampling <br> 抽樣分布 Sampling distribution <br> 信度 Reliability <br> 效度 Validity <br> 不可置換抽樣 Sampling without replacement <br> 可置換抽樣 Sampling with replacement <br> 抽樣誤差 Sampling error <br> 非抽樣誤差 Non-sampling error <br> 隨機抽樣 Random sampling <br> 簡單隨機抽樣法 Simple random sampling <br> 分層抽樣法 Stratified sampling <br> 群集抽樣法 Cluster sampling <br> 系統抽樣法 Systematic sampling <br> 兩段隨機抽樣法 Two-stage random sampling <br> 便利抽樣 Convenience sampling <br> 配額抽樣 Quota sampling <br> 雪球抽樣 Snowball sampling <br> 標準誤 Standard error <br> <br> 無母數統計 Nonparametric statistics <br> 等級檢定 The sign test <br> Spearman等級相關檢定 Spearmann’s rank correlation test <br> 魏克森訊號等級檢定 Wilcoxon signed rank tests <br> 魏克森等級和檢定 Wilcoxon rank sum tests <br> Mann-Witeney 檢定 Mann-Witeney tests <br> Kruskal-Wallis 檢定 Kruskal-Wallis tests <br> 連檢定法 Run test <br> <br> 機率密度函數 Probability density function <br> 機率分布 Probability distribution <br> 機率函數 Probability function <br> 隨機變數 Random variable <br> 離散隨機變數 Discrete random variable <br> 離散的均勻密度 Discrete uniform densities <br> 二項密度 Binomial densities <br> 二項式機率分布 Binomial probability distribution <br> 超幾何密度 Hypergeometric densities <br> 超幾何分布 Hypergeometric probability distribution <br> 卜松密度 Poisson densities <br> 卜松機率分布 Poisson probability distribution <br> 幾何密度 Geometric densities <br> 負二項密度 Negative binomial densities <br> 連續隨機變數 Continuous random variable <br> 連續均勻密度 Continuous uniform densities <br> 均勻機率分布 Uniform probability distribution (discrete) <br> 常態密度 Normal densities <br> 正態機率分布 Normal probability distribution <br> 標準正態機率分布 Standard normal probability distribution <br> 指數密度 Exponential densities <br> 指數機率分布 Exponential probability distribution <br> 伽瑪密度 Gamma densities <br> 貝他密度 Beta densities <br> <br> 決定係數 Coefficient of determination <br> 因變數 Dependent variable <br> 自變數 Independent variable <br> 最小平方法 Least squares method <br> 均方誤差 Mean square error <br> 預測信賴估計 Prediction interval estimate <br> 迴歸分析 Regression analysis <br> 殘差 Residual <br> 簡單線性迴歸 Simple linear regression <br> 多重迴歸 Multiple regression <br> 變異數分析 Analysis of variance <br> 變異數分析表 ANOVA table <br> 多變量分析 Multivariate analysis <br> 主因子分析 Principal components <br> 區別分析 Discrimination analysis <br> 群集分析 Cluster analysis <br> 因素分析 Factor analysis <br> 決策理論 Decision theory <br> 羅吉斯迴歸 Logistic regression <br> <br> 存活分析 Survival analysis <br> 時間序列資料 Time series data <br> 時間序列分析 Time series analysis <br> 線性模式 Linear models <br> 品質工程 Quality engineering <br> 機率論 Probability theory <br> 統計計算 Statistical computing <br> 統計推論 Statistical inference <br> 隨機過程 Stochastic processes <br> 決策理論 Decision theory <br> 離散分析 Discrete analysis <br> 數理統計 Mathematical statistics <br> <br> 常態分布 Gaussian <br> 指數分布 Exponential <br> </font>

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